In the following sections a concise description of the global architecture is given.

Federated Architecture

The architecture should be distributed yet unified, allowing independent operators (OEMs, data collectors, etc.) to manage their own systems while adhering to global standards.

Core Components

Centralized Identity Management

• Component: Azure AD B2C (or similar federated identity provider).

• Purpose: Unified authentication and Single Sign-On (SSO) across all ecosystem instances.

• Functionality:

  • User login via email or social accounts.
  • Federated identity to ensure one login works across distributed systems.

Distributed Data Market Instances

• Component: Decentralized instances hosted by each operator.

• Purpose: Allow operators to manage their data autonomously.

• Functionality:

  • Data ingestion, anonymization, and metadata tagging.
  • API access for data sharing and monetization.
  • Integration with global standards for interoperability.

Interoperability Layer

• Component: Standardized APIs using tools like Azure API Management.

• Purpose: Ensure seamless communication between instances.

• Functionality:

  • Common protocols (e.g., OpenID Connect, OAuth 2.0, and REST APIs).
  • Standardized data schemas (e.g., Vehicle Signal Specification).

Global Synchronization and Governance

• Component: Azure Front Door, Logic Apps, and Purview.

• Purpose: Maintain global consistency and compliance.

• Functionality:

  • Route users to regional instances for low latency.
  • Synchronize policies, configurations, and updates across operators.
  • Manage compliance reporting and auditing.

Data Storage and Processing

• Component: Azure Cosmos DB (globally distributed database) and Azure Functions (serverless processing).

• Purpose: Scalable and low-latency storage and reactive workflows.

• Functionality:

  • Store user preferences, metadata, and consent information.
  • Process real-time data access and token validation.

Privacy and Compliance Layer

• Component: Azure Purview and Key Vault.
• Purpose: Ensure legal and ethical data handling.
• Functionality:
  • Data cataloging for compliance audits.
  • Secure storage of consent and sensitive data.

Monitoring and Observability

• Component: Azure Monitor and Log Analytics.

• Purpose: Centralized logging and performance tracking.

• Functionality:

  • Real-time system health monitoring.
  • Incident detection and response.

Deployment Strategy

• Distributed Operations: Each operator deploys their instance (e.g., OEMs host in their regions).
• Shared Standards: All instances adhere to global standards for APIs, data schemas, and protocols.
• Serverless Framework: Use serverless services (e.g., Azure Functions, Logic Apps) to support the reactive nature of the system.